Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement with Nanofluid in Rectangular Duct.
Abstract
In order to reduce heat losses and enhance heat transfer efficiency, energy conservation and management in thermal systems has attracted interest on a global scale. Due to limitations on continuous improvement in thermophysical characteristics of traditional working fluids, R&D trends have shifted towards nanofluids applications in heat transfer systems. Literature review substantiates that single-particle nano fluids are well-suited for heat transfer applications. Employing hybrid nanofluids to improve heat transfer rates is a comparably new field of research and application.. In the present numerical study, enhancement of heat transfer rates is observed for flows of single-particle and hybrid nanofluids through a rectangular, straight duct of uniform cross-section, subjected to symmetrical and uniform wall heat flux conditions. The present work is carried out to investigate heat transfer augmentation characteristics of hybrid nanofluids and single-particle nanofluids, for different nanoparticle mixture ratios dispersed in water. The simulations are performed with 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% volume fractions of nano particles. The Reynolds number of flow is varied from 2000 to 12000. The uniform heat flux applied along the tube length is ≈ 7955 W/m2. The effects of Reynolds number, volume fraction, and composition of nanoparticles are analysed from the perspective of fluid and thermal analysis. The validation of the results obtained from present study has been performed with experimental and published data available in open literature. The wall-averaged Nusselt number and the pressure drop rise as the Reynolds number and the volume fraction is increased. This warrants a trade-off between heat transfer enhancement on one hand, and mechanical head losses on the other. The heat transfer characteristics of the chosen water- dispersed, hybrid nanofluid is also observed to be superior as compared to the single-particle nanofluid medium.
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