Nuclear Waste Management
Keywords:
Nuclear waste, Radioactive, Energy, Radiation, Technology
Abstract
In recent years waste management has become a huge challenge to the global community. Nuclear waste which has radioactive components is causing a tough challenge to dispose of. In various countries, they have adopted methods like dumping the waste in sealing cans and burying it underground or below the sea bed which is very harmful to the environment and habitats. The radioactive waste has to be treated but without human handling. So we can do it with the help of AIML and data science, where we can program the machinery to carry out the neutralizing process. As there is remains of radiation in the nuclear waste we can use it to form energy resources. Though it's very hard to manage we still haven't found the safest way and the current measures taken to dispose are very uncertain and do not ensure complete safety. Why bury it when we can convert it into some form of energy or useful resource?
References
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26.Nuclear waste processing | IAEA https://www.iaea.org/topics/processing
2.Weber, W.J., Navrotsky, A., Stefanovsky, S. et al. Materials Science of High-Level Nuclear Waste Immobilization. MRS Bulletin 34, 46–53 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.12
3.Ramana, M. (2018). Technical and social problems of nuclear waste. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Energy and Environment, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.289
4.Niemeyer, I. (2023). Panel: safeguarding nuclear waste management. Safety of nuclear waste Disposal, 2, 205-205. https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-205-2023
5.Ringwood, A. (1985). disposal of high-level nuclear wastes: a geological perspective. Mineralogical Magazine, 49(351), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1985.049.351.04
6.Jenkins‐Smith, H., Silva, C., Nowlin, M., & deLozier, G. (2010). Reversing nuclear opposition: evolving public acceptance of a permanent nuclear waste disposal facility. Risk Analysis, 31(4), 629-644. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01543.x
7.Nokia, V. (2023). The role of nuclear cultural heritage in long-term nuclear waste governance. Safety of nuclear waste Disposal, 2, 227-228. https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-227-2023
8.Enderle, S. (2023). Solving problems collectively in nuclear waste governance. Safety of nuclear waste Disposal, 2, 267-267. https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-267-2023
9.Ewing, R., Whittleston, R., & Yardley, B. (2016). geological disposal of nuclear waste: a primer. Elements, 12(4), 233-237. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.12.4.233
10.Birkhölzer, J., Houseworth, J., & Tsang, C. (2012). geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste: status, key issues, and trends. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37(1), 79-106. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-090611-143314
11.Frankel, G., Vienna, J., Lian, J., Guo, X., Gin, S., Kim, S., … & Scully, J. (2021). Recent advances in corrosion science apply to the disposal of high-level nuclear waste. Chemical Reviews, 121(20), 12327-12383. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00990
12.Hoyer, E., Kreye, P., Lohser, T., & Rühaak, W. (2021). Preliminary safety assessments in the high-level radioactive waste site selection procedure in Germany. Safety of nuclear waste Disposal, 1, 37-38. https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-37-2021
13.Näslund, J., Brandefelt, J., & Liljedahl, L. (2013). Climate considerations in long-term safety assessments for nuclear waste repositories. Ambio, 42(4), 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-013-0406-6
14.Segall, G., Grady, E., Fair, J., Ghesani, M., & Gordon, L. (2017). nuclear medicine training in the United States. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 58(11), 1733-1734. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.200857
15.Sram, R., Dobiáš, L., Rossner, P., Veselá, D., Veselý, D., Rakusová, R., … & Rericha, V. (1993). Monitoring genotoxic exposure in uranium mines.. Environmental Health Perspectives, 101(suppl 3), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.101-1521117
16.Zhang, Z., Tang, Z., Liu, Y., He, H., Guo, Z., Feng, P., … & Sui, Q. (2023). Study on the ecotoxic effects of uranium and heavy metal elements in soils of a uranium mining area in northern Guangdong. Toxics, 11(2), 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020097
17.Kautsky, U., Saetre, P., Berglund, S., Jaeschke, B., Nordén, S., Brandefelt, J., … & Andersson, E. (2016). The impact of low and intermediate-level radioactive waste on humans and the environment over the next one hundred thousand years. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 151, 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.025
18.Ojovan, M., Robbins, R., & Garamszeghy, M. (2017). Advances in conditioning of low- and intermediate-level nuclear waste. Mrs Advances, 3(19), 983-990. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.613
19.Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) - The role of artificial intelligence in the future of radioactive waste management (OECD-nea.org) https://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_78672/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-future-of-radioactive-waste-management
20.Documents reveal poor nuclear waste management | International - Times of India Videos (indiatimes.com) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/international/documents-reveal-poor-nuclear-waste-management/videoshow/101705846.cms
21.Fukushima: What are the concerns over wastewater release? - BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66106162
22.https://news.cgtn.com/news/2023-11-03/VHJhbnNjcmlwdDc1NzM3/index.html
23.Bhabha Atomic Research Centre ( BARC ): Radioactive Waste Management: Indian scenario https://www.barc.gov.in/pubaware/nw.html
24.Geology of High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal | Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (annualreviews.org) https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.001133?journalCode=earth
25.Storage and Disposal Options for Radioactive Waste - World Nuclear Association (world-nuclear.org) https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-waste/storage-and-disposal-of-radioactive-waste.aspx#:~:text=For%20used%20fuel%20designated%20as,at%20reactor%20sites%20or%20centrally.
26.Nuclear waste processing | IAEA https://www.iaea.org/topics/processing
Published
2024-07-30
How to Cite
[1]
M B, G. 2024. Nuclear Waste Management. IIChE-CHEMCON. (Jul. 2024). DOI:https://doi.org/10.36375/prepare_u.iiche.a398.
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