Optimization of Novel Symbiotic Bacteria in Algae Growth
Keywords:
Algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus abundans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Symbiotic, Lipid
Abstract
In this study, a novel symbiotic bacterium (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) was isolated from algae culture and cocultured with the abundant species Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus abundans in 3 N BBM+V medium under aseptic conditions. Furthermore, an optimization study was carried out to maximize the growth of the algae biomass. The independent parameters used to determine the bacterial inoculum concentration, pH of the medium, aeration rate of the culture system and other known parameters were temperature, light intensity, inoculum volume of algae and culture time. Thus, the effect of the bacterial inoculum concentration was studied by varying the concentration by 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%. The initial pH of the medium was changed by changing the medium pH via buffer solutions. The culture system aeration rate was the foremost important factor for determining the actual outcome of the product. Therefore, to determine the influence of the aeration rate in the system, different ranges of volumetric oxygen rates were tested: 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, and 30%. The results showed that the optimal values for maximum biomass production were 8% bacterial inoculum concentration, 7% pH of the medium, and 90% aeration rate.
References
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27.Saravanan, Senthil Kumar P, Sunita Varjani, Jeevanantham S, Yaashikaa PR, Thamarai P, Abirami B, Cynthia Susan George (2021) A review on algal-bacterial symbiotic system for effective treatment of wastewater. Chemosphere 271:129540.
28.Seyedsayamdost MR, Case RJ, Kolter R, Clardy J (2011) The Jekyll-and-Hyde chemistry of Phaeobacter gallaeciensis. Nat. Chem 3:331-335.
29.Sherpa MT, Sayak Das, IshfaqNabi Najar, Nagendra Thakur (2020) Draft genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain P13 gives insight into its protease production and assessment of sulfur and nitrogen metabolism. Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2:100012
30.Tang CC, Wei Zuo, Yu Tian, Ni Sun, Zhen-Wei Wang, Jun Zhang (2016) Effect of aeration rate on performance and stability of algal-bacterial symbiosis system to treat domestic wastewater in sequencing batch reactors. Bioresource Technology 222: 156-164.
31.Travieso L, Benítez F, Sánchez E, Borja R, Colmenarejo MF (2006) Production of Biomass (Algae-Bacteria) by Using a Mixture of Settled Swine and Sewage as Substrate. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part a, Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 41(3): 415-429.
32.Wang J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q, (2008). Toxicity assessment of manufactured nanomaterials using the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.Chemosphere, 73(7):1121-1128.
33.Williams PJB, Laurens LM (2010) Microalgae as biodiesel & biomass feedstocks: Review & analysis of the biochemistry, energetics & economics. Energ & Environ Sci 3(5):554-590.
34.Yu H, Kim J, Rhee C, Shin J, Shin SG Lee C (2022) Effects of Different pH Control Strategies on Microalgae Cultivation and Nutrient Removal from Anaerobic Digestion Effluent.Microorganisms 10:357.
2.Barnwal BK, Sharma MP (2005) Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India. Renew Sust Energ Rev 9:363-398.
3.Brooke JS (2021) Advances in the Microbiology of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Clin. Microbiol. Rev 34: e0003019
4.Chellamboli C, Perumalsamy M (2014) Application of response surface methodology for optimization of growth and lipids in Scenedesmus abundans using batch culture system. RSC Advances 4 (42): 22129-2214.
5.Chellamboli C, Perumalsamy M (2016) Synergistic Effect of Hormones and Biosolids on Scenedesmus abundans for Eliciting Total Biolipids. Water Environment Research 88 (11): 2180-2190.
6.Chia SR, Ling Jing, Chia Wen Yi, Nomanbhay Saifuddin, Kurniawan Tonni Agustiono, Chew Kit Wayne (2023) Future bioenergy source by microalgae–bacteria consortia: a circular economy approach. Green Chem 25(22):8935-8949.
7.Chisti Y (2007) Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotech. Adv 25:294-306.
8.Chisti Y (2012) Raceways-based production of algal crude oil. In: Posten, C., Walter, C. (Eds.), Microalgal Biotechnology: Potential and Production. deGruyter, Berlin 113-146.
9.Cole JJ (1982) Interactions between bacteria and algae in aquatic ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst 13: 291-314.
10.Crossman LC, Gould VC, Dow JM et al (2008) The complete genome, compar- ative and functional analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia reveals an organism heavily shielded by drug resistance determinants. Genome Biol 9 (40), R74. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2008-9-4-r74.
11.Demirbas A (2009) Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Convers Manage 50:14-34.
12.Dunne C, Crowley JJ, Moenne-Loccoz Y et al (1997) Biological control of pythiumultimum by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia W81 is mediated by an extracellular proteolytic activity. Microbiology 143:3921–3931. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-143-12-3921.
13.Gajdács M, Urbán E (2019) Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Respiratory Tract Samples: A 10-Year Epidemiological Snapshot.Health Serv. Res. Manag. Epidemiol 6:2333392819870774.
14.Guo Z, Yen Wah Tong (2014) The interactions between Chlorella vulgaris and algal symbiotic bacteria under photoautotrophic and photo heterotrophic conditions, J Appl Phycol., 26(3), 1483-1492.
15.GursongYoo, Won-Kun Park, ChulWoong Kim, Yoon E Choi, Ji Won Yang (2012) Direct lipid extraction from wet Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass using osmotic shock. Bioresource Technology 123:717–722.
16.GursongYoo, Won-Kun Park, ChulWoong Kim, Yoon-E Choi, Ji-Won Yang (2012) Direct lipid extraction from wet Chlamydomonasreinhardtii biomass using osmotic shock. Bioresource Technology 123:717–722.
17.Hill J, Nelson E, Tilman D, Polasky S, Tiffany D (2006) Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., (USA), 103:11206-11210.
18.Jakobi M, Winkelmann G, Kaiser D et al (1996) Maltophilin: a new antifungal com- pound produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R3089. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 49 (11):1101–1104 https://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.49.1101 .
19.Khan MS, Zaidi A, Wani PA, Ahemad M, Oves M (2009) Functional diversity among plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat J (eds) Microbial strategies for crop improvement. Springer, Berlin, 105-132.
20.Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL et al (2000) Molecular CellBiology., 4th edn. W. H. Freeman, New York.
21.Mohamed H, Awad MF, Shah AM, Sadaqat B, Nazir Y, Naz T, Yang W, Song Y (2022) Coculturing of Mucor plumbeus and Bacillus subtilis bacterium as an efficient fermentation strategy to enhance fungal lipid and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) production. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 30;12(1):13111. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17442-2. PMID: 35908106; PMCID: PMC9338991
22.Munoz R, Guieysse B (2006) Algal-Bacterial Processes for the Treatment of Hazardous Contaminants: A Review. Water Res, 40:2799-2815.
23.Munoz R., Guieysse B, Mattiasson B. (2003) Phenanthrene biodegradation by an algal-bacterial consortium in two-phase partitioning bioreactors.Applied microbiology and biotechnology 61: 261-267.
24.Pratt R, Daniel TC, Eier JB, Gunnison JB et al (1944) Chlorellin. An antibacterial substance from Chlorella. Science 99:351-352.
25.Rühl C (2008) Bp statistical review of world energy. London: BP.
26.Sanders ER (2012) Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Plating Methods. J Vis Exp (63):3064.
27.Saravanan, Senthil Kumar P, Sunita Varjani, Jeevanantham S, Yaashikaa PR, Thamarai P, Abirami B, Cynthia Susan George (2021) A review on algal-bacterial symbiotic system for effective treatment of wastewater. Chemosphere 271:129540.
28.Seyedsayamdost MR, Case RJ, Kolter R, Clardy J (2011) The Jekyll-and-Hyde chemistry of Phaeobacter gallaeciensis. Nat. Chem 3:331-335.
29.Sherpa MT, Sayak Das, IshfaqNabi Najar, Nagendra Thakur (2020) Draft genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain P13 gives insight into its protease production and assessment of sulfur and nitrogen metabolism. Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2:100012
30.Tang CC, Wei Zuo, Yu Tian, Ni Sun, Zhen-Wei Wang, Jun Zhang (2016) Effect of aeration rate on performance and stability of algal-bacterial symbiosis system to treat domestic wastewater in sequencing batch reactors. Bioresource Technology 222: 156-164.
31.Travieso L, Benítez F, Sánchez E, Borja R, Colmenarejo MF (2006) Production of Biomass (Algae-Bacteria) by Using a Mixture of Settled Swine and Sewage as Substrate. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part a, Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 41(3): 415-429.
32.Wang J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Sommerfeld M, Hu Q, (2008). Toxicity assessment of manufactured nanomaterials using the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.Chemosphere, 73(7):1121-1128.
33.Williams PJB, Laurens LM (2010) Microalgae as biodiesel & biomass feedstocks: Review & analysis of the biochemistry, energetics & economics. Energ & Environ Sci 3(5):554-590.
34.Yu H, Kim J, Rhee C, Shin J, Shin SG Lee C (2022) Effects of Different pH Control Strategies on Microalgae Cultivation and Nutrient Removal from Anaerobic Digestion Effluent.Microorganisms 10:357.
Published
2024-07-30
How to Cite
[1]
CHELLAMBOLI, C., PERUMALSAMY, M. and DEV, U.K. 2024. Optimization of Novel Symbiotic Bacteria in Algae Growth. IIChE-CHEMCON. (Jul. 2024). DOI:https://doi.org/10.36375/prepare_u.iiche.a416.
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