Replacement of coal by RDF (Refused Derived Fuel)
Keywords:
Refuse derived fuel, Garbage, Pellet, Moisture, Municipal Solid Waste
Abstract
Within Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management, processing of several fractions that are combustible in nature but are not recyclable such as soiled paper, soiled cloth, contaminated plastics, multilayer, packaging materials, other packaging materials, pieces of leather, rubber, tyre, polystyrene (thermocol), wood etc. has remained a challenge and these fractions unwantedly ends up at landfill sites. These fractions can be processed and converted to refuse derived fuel (RDF), which carries significant calorific value, and can be utilized as alternative fuel in various industries in line with the principle of waste to wealth. The principle of RDF production is recovering quality fuel fractions from the waste, particularly through the removal of recyclable particles such as metal and glass, and converting the raw waste into a more usable form of fuel with uniform particle size and higher calorific value than raw MSW. For example, the broad specification of RDF suitable for the Indian cement plants is preferably having Moisture (< 20 %), average particle size (< 75 mm), calorific value (~ 3000 kcal/kg), Chlorine (< 0.7%), Sulphur (< 2%) and should be free of restricted items such as PVC, explosives, batteries, aerosol containers and bio-medical waste.
References
1. Balasubramanian Karpana, Abdul Aziz Abdul Ramana,∗,Mohamed Kheireddine Taieb Aroua Waste-to-energy: Coal-like refuse derived fuel from hazardous waste and biomass mixture Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia b Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
2. S., Kamyab, H., Pham, Q.B., Yadav, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Yadav, V.K., Bach, Q.-V.,2020. A review on municipal solid waste as a renewable source for waste-to-energy project in India: c
3. Utilization of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from Urban Waste as an Alternative Fuel for Cement Factory: a Case Study Ahmad Hajinezhad*, Emad Ziaee Halimehjani, Mojtaba Tahani (2016) Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4. The Role Of Rdf In Place Of Coal Varun Singh Bundela, Dr. Arun Patel PhD Research Scholar, Professor department of Civil engineering Vedica Institute of Technology Civil engineering department RKDF University Airport by pass road Gandhi nagar Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India (2022)
5. J.E. Reed, J.L. Conrad, C.D. Price, “Co-firing of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) with natural Gas, in a Cement Kiln”, National Technical Information Service, March (1983). Book.
6. Baharez Reza, Atousa Soltani, Rajeev Ruparathna, Rehan Sadiq, Kasun Hewage. “Environmental and economic aspects of production and utilization of RDF as alternative fuel in cement plants: A case study of Metro Vancouver Waste Management.” 2013 Elsevier B.V. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.10.009
7. Constantinos S. Psomopoulos. “Residue Derived Fuels as an Alternative Fuel for the Hellenic Power Generation Sector and their Potential for Emissions Reduction”. · September 2014 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2014.3.321
8. Van Tubergen J, Glorius T, Waeyenbergh E, Classification of Solid Recovered Fuels, European Recovered Fuel Organisation, 2005.
9. Archer E, Baddeley A, Klein A, et al. (2005) Mechanical-Biological-Treatment: A Guide for Decision Makers Processes, Policies and Markets (Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd.)
10. A. Gendebien, A. Leavens, K. Blackmore, A. Godley, K. Lewin, K.J. Whiting and R. Davis (2003) European Commission – Directorate General Environment, Refuse Derived Fuel, Current Practice and Perspectives (B4-3040/2000/306517/Mar/E3), Final Report, 2003.
11. Garg, A., Smith, R., Hill, D., Simms, N., & Pollard, S. (2007). Wastes as co-fuels: the policy framework for solid recovered fuel (SRF) in Europe, with UK implications. Facts and Figures, European Recovered Fuel Organisation (Erfo) (2007).
12. D. MVW Lechtenberg; 2008. Www.lechtenberg-partner.de. Mermod AY, Dömbekci B. Emission trading applications in the European Union and the case of Turkey as an emerging market. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 2011; 5:345–60
13. Mustafa Kara. “Environmental and economic advantages associated with the use of RDF in cement kilns.” 09 October 2017; DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.06.011
14. Rada EC, Andreottoala G (2012). “RDF/SRF which perspective for its future in EU. Waste Manage” 32(6): 1059–1060
15. Archer E, Baddeley A, Klein A, et al. (2005) Mechanical-Biological-Treatment: A Guide for Decision Makers Processes, Policies and Markets (Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd.)
16. R.C. Poller, Reclamation of waste plastics and rubber: recovery of materials and energy, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 30 1980 152–160. Ž . w x
17. W. Kaminsky, H. Roessler, Olefins from wastes, CHEMTECH 22 1992 108–113
18. Ganesh Thirugnanam. “Refuse Derived Fuel To Electricity”. September 2013.
19. Mustafa Kara, “Environmental and economic advantages associated with the use of RDF in cement kilns, Resources, Conservation and Recycling “, Volume 68,2012, Pages 21-28, ISSN 0921-3449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.06.011.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344912001097)
20. Kuen-Song Lin, H. Paul Wang, S.-H. Liu, Ni-Bin Chang, Y.-J. Huang, H.-C. Wang, “Pyrolysis kinetics of refuse-derived fuel”, Fuel Processing Technology 60 1999 103–110.
21. Thirugnanam, Ganesh & Prakasam, Vignesh. (2013). “Refuse Derived Fuel to Electricity”. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology.
22. Ghosh, A., Debnath, B., Ghosh, S. K., Das, B., & Sarkar, J. P. (2018). Sustainability analysis of organic fraction of municipal solid waste conversion techniques for efficient resource recovery in India through case studies. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 20, 1969-1985.
23. Mehta, A., & Rao, S. (2023). Sustainability challenges in pyrolysis and gasification: Environmental and economic implications. Journal of Waste Management and Sustainability, 14(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wms.2023.03.004
24. Reza, B., Soltani, A., Ruparathna, R., Sadiq, R., & Hewage, K. (2013). Environmental and economic aspects of production and utilization of RDF as alternative fuel in cement plants: A case study of Metro Vancouver Waste Management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 81, 105-114.
25. Planning Comission Report (2014) Report of the task force on waste to energy (vol I) (in the context of integrated MSW management). Government of India. http://planningcommission.nic. in/reports/genrep/rep_wte1205.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2017
26. Sharma, P., Sheth, P. N., & Mohapatra, B. N. (2022). Recent progress in refuse derived fuel (RDF) co-processing in cement production: direct firing in kiln/calciner vs process integration of RDF gasification. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 13(11), 4347-4374.
27. Ministry of housing and urban afairs Government of India: Guidelines on usage of refuse derived fuel in various industries (2018). pp. 13–14. http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/5bda791e5afb3SBMRDFBook.pdf.
28.N. K. Gupta Central pollution control board: Guidelines for Pre-Processing and Co-Processing of Hazardous and Other Wastes in Cement Plant as per H&OW(M & TBM) Rules, 2016 2017. p. 1–34
29.Abbas, T.: Michalis Akritopoulos, Calciner challenges, in World cement. (2018).
30.Saxena, A., Chaturvedi, S., Ojha, P., Agarwal, S., Mittal, A.,Sharma, P., Ahamad, G., Mazumdar, R., Arora, V., Kalyani, K.Anupam, Singh, B., Kukreja, K., Ahmed, R., Bohra, A. Kaura,P.: Compendium The Cement Industry India. National council for cement and building materials, India. pp. 251–260 (2019)
31.Kumr S. and Verma R. (2021) Confederation of Indian industry: status paper on alternate fuel usage in Indian cement industry (2018). pp. 1–2. http://www.ciiwasteexchange.org/doc/afr2018.pdf.
32.Confederation of Indian Industry: Energy benchmarking for Indian cement industry (2019).
33.Sharma, P., Sheth, P. Mohapatra, B.N.: Waste to energy: issues,opportunities and challenges for RDF utilization in Indian cement industry. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research. pp. 891–900. Springer, Mumbai (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_84
34.Kukreja, K., Anupam, Sharma, P. Bhatnagar, S.: Handling of Multi type Alternative Fuels: A Challenge and Opportunity for Cement Plant in 16th NCB International Seminar on Cement, Concrete and Building Materials. (2019): New Delhi
35.Kukreja, K., Mohapatra, B. N. Saxena, A.: Transfer chute design for solid alternative fuels. Indian cement review, May ed. (2019). 52–53.
36.ajamohan, R., Vinayagamurthi, K., Kumar, R.A.K.: Alternative fuel & raw material: our journey with in-house systems—a glimpse. In: 15th NCB International Seminar on Cement, Concrete and Building Materials (2017): New Delhi
37.Miskolczi, N., Buyong, F., Williams, P.T.: Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis kinetic study of Malaysian refuse derived fuels. J. Energy Instit. 83, 125–132 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1179/014426010X12759937396632
38.Cozzani, V., Petarca, L., Tognotti, L.: Devolatilization and pyrolysis of refuse derived fuels: characterization and kinetic modelling by a thermogravimetric and calorimetric approach. Fuel 74,903–912 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)00018-M
39.Fang, D., He, F., Xie, J.: Pyrolysis characteristics and mechanism of hydrocarbon compounds for RDF. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostruct. 29, 13–20 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1536383X.2020.1803287
40.Chen, X., Xie, J., Mei, S., He, F., Yang, H.: RDF pyrolysis by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS and combustion in a double furnaces reactor. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 136, 893–902 (2019). https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7694-9
41.Kusz, B., Kardaś, D., Heda, Ł, Trawiński, B.: Pyrolysis of RDF and catalytic decomposition of the produced tar in a char bed secondary reactor as an efcient source of syngas. Processes 10,90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010090
42.Singh, A., & Patel, R. (2023). Challenges in RDF gasification: A case study of Pune's 10 MW plant. Journal of Renewable Energy Studies, 12(4), https://doi.org/10.5678/jrenenergystud.2023.004 energy, S.c.o.: Power generation from municipal solid waste.
43.Kumar, S., & Gupta, P. (2023). Enhancing TSR in cement plants through gasification technology: A strategic approach. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 11(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcet.2023.0301 IEA.:100 MT Coal Gasification Target by 2030—Policies.: https://www.iea.org/policies/12931-100-mt-coal-gasification-target-by-2030. Accessed 27 Aug 2021
44.Dr. M. M. Kutty India, G.o.: Five Year Vision Document 2019–2024 Group III—Resources.
2. S., Kamyab, H., Pham, Q.B., Yadav, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Yadav, V.K., Bach, Q.-V.,2020. A review on municipal solid waste as a renewable source for waste-to-energy project in India: c
3. Utilization of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) from Urban Waste as an Alternative Fuel for Cement Factory: a Case Study Ahmad Hajinezhad*, Emad Ziaee Halimehjani, Mojtaba Tahani (2016) Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4. The Role Of Rdf In Place Of Coal Varun Singh Bundela, Dr. Arun Patel PhD Research Scholar, Professor department of Civil engineering Vedica Institute of Technology Civil engineering department RKDF University Airport by pass road Gandhi nagar Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India (2022)
5. J.E. Reed, J.L. Conrad, C.D. Price, “Co-firing of Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) with natural Gas, in a Cement Kiln”, National Technical Information Service, March (1983). Book.
6. Baharez Reza, Atousa Soltani, Rajeev Ruparathna, Rehan Sadiq, Kasun Hewage. “Environmental and economic aspects of production and utilization of RDF as alternative fuel in cement plants: A case study of Metro Vancouver Waste Management.” 2013 Elsevier B.V. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.10.009
7. Constantinos S. Psomopoulos. “Residue Derived Fuels as an Alternative Fuel for the Hellenic Power Generation Sector and their Potential for Emissions Reduction”. · September 2014 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2014.3.321
8. Van Tubergen J, Glorius T, Waeyenbergh E, Classification of Solid Recovered Fuels, European Recovered Fuel Organisation, 2005.
9. Archer E, Baddeley A, Klein A, et al. (2005) Mechanical-Biological-Treatment: A Guide for Decision Makers Processes, Policies and Markets (Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd.)
10. A. Gendebien, A. Leavens, K. Blackmore, A. Godley, K. Lewin, K.J. Whiting and R. Davis (2003) European Commission – Directorate General Environment, Refuse Derived Fuel, Current Practice and Perspectives (B4-3040/2000/306517/Mar/E3), Final Report, 2003.
11. Garg, A., Smith, R., Hill, D., Simms, N., & Pollard, S. (2007). Wastes as co-fuels: the policy framework for solid recovered fuel (SRF) in Europe, with UK implications. Facts and Figures, European Recovered Fuel Organisation (Erfo) (2007).
12. D. MVW Lechtenberg; 2008. Www.lechtenberg-partner.de. Mermod AY, Dömbekci B. Emission trading applications in the European Union and the case of Turkey as an emerging market. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 2011; 5:345–60
13. Mustafa Kara. “Environmental and economic advantages associated with the use of RDF in cement kilns.” 09 October 2017; DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.06.011
14. Rada EC, Andreottoala G (2012). “RDF/SRF which perspective for its future in EU. Waste Manage” 32(6): 1059–1060
15. Archer E, Baddeley A, Klein A, et al. (2005) Mechanical-Biological-Treatment: A Guide for Decision Makers Processes, Policies and Markets (Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd.)
16. R.C. Poller, Reclamation of waste plastics and rubber: recovery of materials and energy, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 30 1980 152–160. Ž . w x
17. W. Kaminsky, H. Roessler, Olefins from wastes, CHEMTECH 22 1992 108–113
18. Ganesh Thirugnanam. “Refuse Derived Fuel To Electricity”. September 2013.
19. Mustafa Kara, “Environmental and economic advantages associated with the use of RDF in cement kilns, Resources, Conservation and Recycling “, Volume 68,2012, Pages 21-28, ISSN 0921-3449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.06.011.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344912001097)
20. Kuen-Song Lin, H. Paul Wang, S.-H. Liu, Ni-Bin Chang, Y.-J. Huang, H.-C. Wang, “Pyrolysis kinetics of refuse-derived fuel”, Fuel Processing Technology 60 1999 103–110.
21. Thirugnanam, Ganesh & Prakasam, Vignesh. (2013). “Refuse Derived Fuel to Electricity”. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology.
22. Ghosh, A., Debnath, B., Ghosh, S. K., Das, B., & Sarkar, J. P. (2018). Sustainability analysis of organic fraction of municipal solid waste conversion techniques for efficient resource recovery in India through case studies. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 20, 1969-1985.
23. Mehta, A., & Rao, S. (2023). Sustainability challenges in pyrolysis and gasification: Environmental and economic implications. Journal of Waste Management and Sustainability, 14(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wms.2023.03.004
24. Reza, B., Soltani, A., Ruparathna, R., Sadiq, R., & Hewage, K. (2013). Environmental and economic aspects of production and utilization of RDF as alternative fuel in cement plants: A case study of Metro Vancouver Waste Management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 81, 105-114.
25. Planning Comission Report (2014) Report of the task force on waste to energy (vol I) (in the context of integrated MSW management). Government of India. http://planningcommission.nic. in/reports/genrep/rep_wte1205.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2017
26. Sharma, P., Sheth, P. N., & Mohapatra, B. N. (2022). Recent progress in refuse derived fuel (RDF) co-processing in cement production: direct firing in kiln/calciner vs process integration of RDF gasification. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 13(11), 4347-4374.
27. Ministry of housing and urban afairs Government of India: Guidelines on usage of refuse derived fuel in various industries (2018). pp. 13–14. http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/5bda791e5afb3SBMRDFBook.pdf.
28.N. K. Gupta Central pollution control board: Guidelines for Pre-Processing and Co-Processing of Hazardous and Other Wastes in Cement Plant as per H&OW(M & TBM) Rules, 2016 2017. p. 1–34
29.Abbas, T.: Michalis Akritopoulos, Calciner challenges, in World cement. (2018).
30.Saxena, A., Chaturvedi, S., Ojha, P., Agarwal, S., Mittal, A.,Sharma, P., Ahamad, G., Mazumdar, R., Arora, V., Kalyani, K.Anupam, Singh, B., Kukreja, K., Ahmed, R., Bohra, A. Kaura,P.: Compendium The Cement Industry India. National council for cement and building materials, India. pp. 251–260 (2019)
31.Kumr S. and Verma R. (2021) Confederation of Indian industry: status paper on alternate fuel usage in Indian cement industry (2018). pp. 1–2. http://www.ciiwasteexchange.org/doc/afr2018.pdf.
32.Confederation of Indian Industry: Energy benchmarking for Indian cement industry (2019).
33.Sharma, P., Sheth, P. Mohapatra, B.N.: Waste to energy: issues,opportunities and challenges for RDF utilization in Indian cement industry. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research. pp. 891–900. Springer, Mumbai (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_84
34.Kukreja, K., Anupam, Sharma, P. Bhatnagar, S.: Handling of Multi type Alternative Fuels: A Challenge and Opportunity for Cement Plant in 16th NCB International Seminar on Cement, Concrete and Building Materials. (2019): New Delhi
35.Kukreja, K., Mohapatra, B. N. Saxena, A.: Transfer chute design for solid alternative fuels. Indian cement review, May ed. (2019). 52–53.
36.ajamohan, R., Vinayagamurthi, K., Kumar, R.A.K.: Alternative fuel & raw material: our journey with in-house systems—a glimpse. In: 15th NCB International Seminar on Cement, Concrete and Building Materials (2017): New Delhi
37.Miskolczi, N., Buyong, F., Williams, P.T.: Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis kinetic study of Malaysian refuse derived fuels. J. Energy Instit. 83, 125–132 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1179/014426010X12759937396632
38.Cozzani, V., Petarca, L., Tognotti, L.: Devolatilization and pyrolysis of refuse derived fuels: characterization and kinetic modelling by a thermogravimetric and calorimetric approach. Fuel 74,903–912 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)00018-M
39.Fang, D., He, F., Xie, J.: Pyrolysis characteristics and mechanism of hydrocarbon compounds for RDF. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostruct. 29, 13–20 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1536383X.2020.1803287
40.Chen, X., Xie, J., Mei, S., He, F., Yang, H.: RDF pyrolysis by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS and combustion in a double furnaces reactor. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 136, 893–902 (2019). https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7694-9
41.Kusz, B., Kardaś, D., Heda, Ł, Trawiński, B.: Pyrolysis of RDF and catalytic decomposition of the produced tar in a char bed secondary reactor as an efcient source of syngas. Processes 10,90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010090
42.Singh, A., & Patel, R. (2023). Challenges in RDF gasification: A case study of Pune's 10 MW plant. Journal of Renewable Energy Studies, 12(4), https://doi.org/10.5678/jrenenergystud.2023.004 energy, S.c.o.: Power generation from municipal solid waste.
43.Kumar, S., & Gupta, P. (2023). Enhancing TSR in cement plants through gasification technology: A strategic approach. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 11(3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcet.2023.0301 IEA.:100 MT Coal Gasification Target by 2030—Policies.: https://www.iea.org/policies/12931-100-mt-coal-gasification-target-by-2030. Accessed 27 Aug 2021
44.Dr. M. M. Kutty India, G.o.: Five Year Vision Document 2019–2024 Group III—Resources.
Published
2023-12-30
How to Cite
[1]
KUILA, S.B., DAS, S., THAKUR, R., DASGUPTA, S., DAS, S. and MANDAL, B. 2023. Replacement of coal by RDF (Refused Derived Fuel). IIChE-CHEMCON. (Dec. 2023). DOI:https://doi.org/10.36375/prepare_u.iiche.a418.
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