PREPARE@u® | General Preprint Services

New Design of Box Type Solar Cooker

2022-12-19T11:32:44+0530

By concentrating sun rays with panel type reflectors into a compound parabolic trough kept in insulated box for cooking food with less and minimal intervention of people for tracking the sun and to cater the common man day to day cooking needs .Cooking needs are of boiling, baking and frying for temperatures up to 120 ºC with assured performance justifiable quantity of food and boiling time period.

Hybrid Technology for Smart Housing Complex Using Nonconventional Energy

2022-12-19T11:32:41+0530

The issue of green energy articulates the contours of the vision for a renewable energy grand plan for domestic usage in India. A renewable energy has suddenly become hot in India for last decade. However the vision of 100% renewable future is still anathema to many policy makers. They continue to live in the old world of fossil fuels in which they grow up. The develop world has begun to embrace a renewable future plans are afoot to achieve it by 2050. The application of renewable energy in a smart housing complex accelerates the transmission to low carbon energy system. Judicious control using embedded version gives a sizeable mileage to energy conservation. A grand plan of such housing complex has been extracted to enhance the support in Indian scenario grand plan for energy security gives the acceleration for deployment of control on the multi various renewable sources and assimilate them in common platform of power system make a clean hazard free and energy conservation attributes using smart technology. This is lifting the financial wall removal for our country.

DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-COST DIAGNOSTIC TOOL TO DETECT GASTROPATHOLOGY CONSIDERING ELECTROGASTROGRAM

2022-12-19T11:32:39+0530

Electrogastrogram is the recording the abdominal myo-electrical activity. This technique is referred to as Electrogastrography. However, the electrical activities in the gastric region depend on various reasons so making it quite difficult to obtain the exact record. Theoretically, it is said that the contrast between the normal and pathological condition can be observed by a good margin. So even if it cannot produce an exact record for accurate diagnostic result, it can be used to detect whether a diagnosis is required or not. In this present work we have designed an indigenous kit for identification of the gastro pathological like ulceration, gastritis, acid reflux, detection of barrett, etc just to name a few considering the electrogastrogram so that is can serve as a cost-effective diagnostic tool for further medical intervention. The interest is mainly because of the non-invasiveness and simplicity of this method as compared to the other well established medical techniques. The painful endoscopic procedures involving patients endurance of pain has deeply motivated us with the need of a painless technique for the diagnostic treatment.

Classification of Gender from Human Facial Images using Convolutional Neural Networks

2022-12-19T11:32:35+0530

It's a fairly simple task for humans to determine the gender of an individual using certain facial features, although it is difficult for machines to perform an equivalent task. Within the past decade, unimaginable steps have been taken to automatically predict the gender from a face image. The human face has certain distinctive features such as eyes, nose, lips, etc., which can be analyzed to classify humans into two basic genders: Male and Female. This project aims at achieving a similar goal of detecting gender from face images. The basic tool used in the project is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) along with the use of the Programming language Python. In recent years, face detection has achieved considerable attention from researchers in biometrics, pattern recognition, and computer vision groups. There are countless security and forensic applications requiring the use of face recognition technologies which have motivated us to explore this area and start with this project.

Data Transmission by Light Fidelity

2022-12-19T11:32:32+0530

Li-Fi Stands for Light-Fidelity. It is a New Technology and was proposed by The German Physicist Herald Haas in 2011. Li-Fi Provides Transmission of Data Through Illumination and sends Data Through an LED Light Bulb That Varies in Intensity Faster than Human Eye can’t Detect. In This Paper, We will be discussing The Technology in Detail and also how Wi-Fi can be replaced by Li-Fi. Wi-Fi is Useful for General Wireless Coverage within Buildings while Li-Fi is ideal for High-Density Wireless Data Coverage in Confined Areas where There are no Obstacles. Li-Fi is a Wireless Optical Networking Technology that uses Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for Transmission of Data. Li-Fi refers to Visible Light Communication (VLC) Technology that uses as Medium to Deliver High-Speed Communication in a Manner Similar to Wi-Fi. Li-Fi Provides Better Bandwidth, Efficiency, Availability and Security than Wi-Fi and has already Achieved High Speeds in the Lab. In this paper, we will give a Detailed Study on Li-Fi Technology, Its advantages, and Its Future Scope.

Spam E-mail classification using Machine Learning techniques

2022-12-19T11:32:30+0530

In today’s world, bulk of emails is received by every individual out of which many fraudulent or spam emails are also present. The task of a good email service provider is to create an algorithm so that such fraudulent or spam messages are automatically detected and then they are sent to the spam folder. In this paper, the authors proposed a novel technique by which this sorting of email can be done automatically. Using machine learning method, the authors implemented a method in which spam mail and fraudulent messages have been successfully detected and those mails have been sent to the spam folder of the mailbox. The authors, in this paper, presented the description of the algorithm along with the test results.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING IN IMPROVING SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO FOR AUDIO ANALYSIS IN DIGITAL MEDIA PLATFORMS

2022-12-19T11:32:27+0530

Audio analysis is fast becoming a requirement of digital media for analysing multiple frequencies of sound at a time and also reduce the background noise.The urban sound challenge is increasing day by day and the problem is meant to introduce for audio analysis and processing in the usual classification scenario. Model is implemented on the basis of keras framework and librosalibrary. Keras is capable of running of the algorithm tensorflow. Kerascan be described as an interface rather than a standalone machine learning tools. Librosa is one of the python library for music and audio analysis. It helps us with necessary music information retrieval systems.

The authorcollect the database and use the data and also use the graph for a better understanding of audio data analysis.

GRAVITATIONAL SENSOR SUPPORTED STEERABLE WI-FI MULTI-CHANNEL PERFORMER

2022-12-19T11:32:25+0530

Gravitational sensor supported steerable Wi-Fi multichannel performer is a wireless communication. The novelty of the system comprises many prominent advantages for the widespread industrial field of experience, importance both core and auxiliary if we scale down the core sector appear before us as power, cement, fertilizer , petrochemical, nuclear etc. similarly the division of micro small sectors can find its prominent in space and food processing textiles along with even cottage sectors. The psychology, apprehension and friendliness now are being proposed through human machine interface depending upon the crucial application and government concern. The frame work is architecture both locally and globally. Therefore the allocation simulation and all comet consoles are restricted as in one hand within the soft floor industry of a model industry network through direct cable communication mostly by using RS4854 and D-Link(data link) harmonic free cables but ones the requirement comes to activate high end protocols and product from a longer distance obviously takes help of launching advanced complimentary communication system. The selection and reliability under operation need to be strictly maintained for the further enhancing and smooth temporal data flow (traffic) from one to another or multiple there off.

AN INTEGRATED AND UNIQUE AUTOMATION SYSTEM WITH AXIAL ROBOTICS

2022-12-19T11:32:22+0530

The domain of Automation is thriving across the globe with a fantastic speed and features. A lot many types of applications arena are being addressed and also under consideration to mplement many others futuristic scenario. In contrast the project has been chosen for this particular field up importance in order to make the demand by industry learners and academies as well. MNC s plays an important role still the chance is open to welcome medium size company also to make PLC platforms as per local demands and budgetary frame. In most of the cases it is founded the big corporation often design their own portfolio and accordingly come out with the total solution through embedded customizes chips . In this way they manage their secrecy, profitability and control over the industry concern. In lieu with this standard portfolio to boast up local industry flexible PLC system can go in a big way and find also sizable export market. Therefore our group has already framed a small PLC console with dry some apps of advanced nature and found working fine. The extendibility of this system is tremendous of upgraded to any scale as per the requirements of the customers within our preview selection of our 2 to 3 robotics apps blended with machine intelligence and auto control facility have been taken care off. The overall power consumption is considerably low and compromising with the quality never comes. It is our strong belief that through support from federal government, other venture capitalists.

DESIGN, MODELING AND FABRICATION OF AN EFFICIENT CAR CRASH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2022-12-19T11:31:46+0530

With growing number of accidents happening all over the Country it has become a necessity to build proper systems to manage such calamities. Though there are systems available which focuses on how to avoid car crashes, it requires an overall system of automated vehicles and Wi-Fi networks that may not be feasible in a Country like India. Therefore, with the existing systems of manual cars and car crashes happening, we can develop a system to save the occupants and reach for medical help as fast as possible after a crash detection. This system is a notification system aiming towards notifying police ,hospital and chosen close contacts of the driver after a car crash has taken place which will show details such as the location of the car, name of the driver and the time of accident. This all can take place over the phone being connected via Bluetooth through an app.

A Review on Fingerprint Based Biometric Attendance System

2022-12-19T11:31:41+0530

Fingerprint attendance system aims to automate the attendance taking procedure using biometric technology (fingerprint). Fingerprints are a form of biometric identification which varies from person to person uniquely. The automated attendance system is extremely efficient and time saving compared to the traditional call out procedures. This paper gives us the information about fingerprint based attendance system that records the attendance of a person using a hand held fingerprint sensor.

The Energy Forecasting for efficient transitioning of Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy Source

2022-12-19T11:31:43+0530

In this world of global warming, where temperature is rising day by day and where every creature is getting tempted from the unwanted climatic change, humans have invented ways to generate electricity from renewable energy sources, which has given a sight of relief to this burning earth. With the arrival of these renewable energy sources such as hydro energy, solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, biogas energy, nuclear energy using uranium obtained only from the sea water, the dependency on non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuel, and natural gas has reduced a lot as compared to few years back. With the advent of continuous change in weather conditions as and arrival of various festival seasons, the demand of electricity in different zones of country varies from time to time. In this research paper we propose an algorithm to predict the amount of energy that should be most efficiently generated by a particular energy source at a particular time for a particular area.

The Stresses in Structural Concrete Block with Mixing of RCA

2022-12-19T11:31:38+0530

Abstract: An examination of mechanical behavior and versatile properties of reused total concrete (RCA) is displayed. RCAs were arranged by employing a coarse total division made of reused concrete coming from a reusing plant in which rubble from concrete structure devastation is collected and reasonably treated. A few concrete blends were arranged by utilizing either the as it was virgin totals (as reference) or 30% coarse reused total supplanting rock and by utilizing two diverse sorts of cement. Distinctive water-to-cement proportions were received extending from 0.40 to 0.60. Concrete workability was continuously within the run 190–200 mm. Concrete compressive quality, flexible modulus, and drying shrinkage was assessed. Comes about gotten appeared that auxiliary concrete up to C32/40 quality course can be made with RAC. Besides, comes about gotten from experimentation were examined in arrange to get valuable data for RAC structure plan, especially in terms of flexible modulus and dry.

Farmer’s Friend System using IOT

2022-12-19T11:31:35+0530

The population of the country is growing exponentially day by day. Therefore it is very necessary for the system to manage the economy of the country and also to provide its citizens healthy food. The backbone of the food industry depends on the products supplied by the farmers of the country. It is therefore very essential to help the farmers so that they can produce hefty amount of food grains for the country. The production should be rapid but not by any means of false methods. This can be done with their past experiences for the production of the grains. This model completely focuses on the data analysis which notifies the farmers to take appropriate and necessary steps and make proper use of the resources for meeting the goals in the least minimum time. Moreover, this is the cheapest form of method that the farmers can use to meet the needs.

Drone for Essential Supplies in Remote Areas

2022-12-19T11:31:32+0530

This proposed drone focuses on providing essential medical aids in rural or hilly regions where it is difficult to reach fast. This drone can be used during natural calamities like earthquake, flood and landslide. It will help to deliver medical supplies and lab samples. Moreover, blood samples will also become unusable after travelling long distances from hilly areas to the laboratories. It can be overcome by using this drone. It can give the real time video of the location. In India, due to heavy traffic the emergency need of blood and medicines are delayed, but this problem can be overcome by our drone. This drone can automatically travel the given path without any control from user. It can be also controlled manually during some obstacles or dangers at any time.

SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH SUN TRACKING SOLAR PANEL

2022-12-19T11:31:29+0530

Designing Arduino and solar panel based project which can help farmers, home gardens to supply water automatically and its send a message via gsm800l module to the farmer when pump will be on and off. This system completely free of electricity. Power will be supply from solar system. Solar power stored in battery. By this project farmer save Wastage of Water and Electricity. So this is project deals with smart Irrigation system.

Multi weather power generator

2022-12-19T11:31:27+0530

In the year 2018, the world has consumed roughly 1,60,000 TWh (TeraWatt Hour) of energy. 35% of that was produced from Natural Oil, another 25% from coal. Only about 5% was harnessed from Solar Radiations and another 8% from Wind. We need to preserve the non-renewable fuels and switch to the renewable sources and more eco-friendly sources. We propose a system that harnesses energy from multiple renewable sources at once thus making it efficient in multiple weather conditions and also extremely eco-friendly.

Development of construction material from waste plastics and fly ash

2022-12-19T11:31:24+0530

With advancement of civilization, use of plastic is increasing. Consequently a huge amount of plastic waste is generated. In India 26000 tonnes per day of plastic waste was generated in 201718. Polyethylene and expanded polystyrene foam are extensively used for packaging which create environmental pollution when discarded. Fly-ash is another solid waste generated from thermal power plants. This particulate solid waste contaminates air water and soil. Aim of the present research was to prepare a value-added product from all these waste materials to establish a waste-to-wealth process.

A tile-like structure has been prepared my melt-mixing and subsequent compression-moulding using plastic carry-bags, thermocol (expanded polystyrene foam) and fly-ash. Tensile and flexural strengths along with the solvent absorption capacity were determined and compared with ceramic wall tiles.

Advanced Fire Controller- AGNI : Design & Implimentation

2022-12-19T11:31:22+0530

This paper is the implementation of the fire alarm security system using ARDUINO, digital flame sensor and gas sensor. The flame sensor can detect flame and infrared light sources of wavelengths ranging from 760 nm to 1100 nm. The gas detector detects the concentration of flammable gas present around its placed atmosphere.

This gadget is a modern household solution from gas leakages as well as incidents of explosion of cylinders or any emergency situation due to unobserved fire. The objective of this project is to contribute towards the safety of human life or saving a human from fire-hazards.

IoT based fuel level monitoring and fuel theft detection system

2022-12-19T11:30:33+0530

The project aims how the level of fuel can be monitored from a distant place and in case of theft can be detected easily from that place. For this, a level sensor will be needed which continuously will take the readings of the level of fuel at the tank (vehicle tank or any reservoir) and this level sensor will be connected to a microcontroller input.

The IoT implementation part is the level of the fuel can be continuously monitored by displaying it on a website using an ESP8266 NodeMCU.

Now to fulfil the second part i.e. to make it a fuel theft detection system there would be a threshold value of decreasing rate of the fuel level height. If the decreasing rate of fuel is greater than the threshold level an alarm will be sent to its owner in case of a vehicle tank or a buzzer will be on in case of industrial reservoir.

Analysis of Different Aspects of Speech Signal Using Delta Modulation Technique

2022-12-19T11:30:31+0530

Speech signal is analog in nature. The maximum frequency component present in human voice signal can be taken approximately as 3-4KHz.In many modern day applications, it is often required to process the speech signal in digital domain. For this reason, digital processing of analog speech signal is highly important. Delta Modulation is a scheme that can be used to implement digital representation of analog speech signal. In this work, the speech signal is modulated and demodulated using a very simple technique, known as Delta Modulation(DM). Moreover, several other aspects like silence removal, Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) calculation and Power Spectral Density(PSD) analysis has also been carried out.

Use Of ECG/ EOG/ EEG for the Purpose of Health Monitoring of Partially or Fully Paralyzed Patient and to Communicate with the Patient in Case of an Emergency

2022-12-19T11:30:28+0530

It is never felt safe to leave a partially or fully disable person alone with a caretaker, it does not matter how much care is taken by the caretaker. In this paper, three different ways are described how the condition of a partially or fully disabled person can be monitored and in case of any problem, the partially or fully disabled person can communicate with his/ her family members. In the first way using Electrocardiography (ECG) the condition of the heart of the disabled person is continuously monitored and whenever something unwanted has happened a message is sent to his/her caring family member with the help of a microcontroller. This also can be done using Electrooculography (EOG). This can be applied to a partially paralyzed person. Here it is mentioned that the person is partially paralyzed because the EOG works on the movement of the cornea so the person should be capable of moving his/ her cornea. Now if the cornea of the person is bent over a set point a message is sent to a specific person. The same can be done with the help of EEG using brain signals. The brain signals are continuously monitored and in case of any unexpected or absurd signal message will be sent to the disabled person’s family member.

AN INNOVATIVE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

2022-12-19T11:30:24+0530

This paper reviews the challenges in water supply system, development and distribution of systems to manage water quality, leakages and contamination of drinking water in transmission network and managing pipeline network. Nowadays the wireless communication system is trending because of it’s impact in the field of healthcare, agriculture, safety measurements where as it plays the decisive role for developing the monitoring of systems. Water distribution systems made up of networks of pipes which can be in poor states of repair that are buried beneath our streets and relatively inaccessible. So to manage these systems the reliable data is needed to understand and detect water losses due to leaks or burst events, abnormality in the control of water quality. In this paper, we present a system to monitor the supply of water by the implementation of IoT. We detect the leakage using flow meter. The usage and wastage of water is tracked by the sensors and an alerter is used to notify the user if there is any contamination in drinking water. This proposed water supplying monitoring system will help the users to track and manage the supplying system, to evacuate the residue of chlorine left where as to distribute water equally in all the places.

MULTI-DIRECTIONAL AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER

2022-12-19T11:30:22+0530

The process of energy conservation has become quite predominant in the recent years since all the non - renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels, minerals, organic matters etc. Sun is the most versatile renewable source of energy and because of its everyday radiations we can acquire light and heat energy from it in a large manner. Solar panels are the ones used to convert its very light energy into electrical energy and to make it more efficient automatic solar trackers are developed in order to gain access to its energy till the very twilight which rotates according to the sun’s direction so that sun rays can fall perpendicular to it so as to generate more amount of electricity than the regular solar panels.

Reflectors Bowl & Hood shape spherical segment in solar energy concentration

2022-12-19T11:30:17+0530

Shape generated from hemisphere as hood (vertical cut) and bowl (horizontal cut) of spherical circle arc whose centre is 45 degrees point spherical circle when fixed with reflector material, when rotates ecentrically wrt sphere circle centre moving focus & fixed focus combination junction forms. Keeping the heat absorber at focus junction the heat absorbed or extracted for medium and higher tempemperature uses.

Technical Education A Brief History And Continual Development Of Polytechnic Education In West Bengal.

2022-12-19T11:33:50+0530

In 1757, the battle of Plassey gave the Britishers unique opportunity to change their status from commercial traders to colonizers. Thus Britain’s relations with India underwent a drastic qualitative change. Britain gradually captured the political power and became the rulers of this country. To rule any country the rulers should have an intimate knowledge of its topography and resources through physical survey.So in 1794, the English traders established a Survey School at Madras to train Indian personnel in modern land survey to assist British surveyor. The major initiative of starting a new centres of technical education came out of the necessity of the British rulers for training the diddle level technical required for construction and maintenance of public buildings, roads, canals, ports and harbours, railways and other services as well as training artisans and craftsmen in the maintenance of instruments and equipments needed for army, navy and other technical establishments. In 1825 Technical schools were established in Calcutta and Bombay for training the artisans and artificers. These schools were attested to ordinance factories and engineering establishments. Technical education was always on demand when there was crisis like war. natural calamities, change of political power etc. but not in a systematic manner like other education system. So there were some sort of development during the period of world wars. In this process AICTE formed in 1945.

SUNLIGHT FOR REMEDIATION OF POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT

2022-12-19T11:33:38+0530

The day when the prehistoric man invented fire, the demand of energy started; at the same time environmental pollution also started from that day since combustion of fuel generates undesirable greenhouse gas. With the advent of civilization, both energy-crisis and anthropogenic pollution increased. Meanwhile the definition of civilization started changing during the industrial revolution. Life of people changed after industrial revolution and civilization demanded more and more energy every day. To generate such energy from conventional sources, we still have no other alternative than to pollute the environment. Other developmental activities also resulted in pollution of the environment. Consequently the conventional resources for energy generation are depleted and at the same time environment deteriorates. People started getting aware about the environment since 1980s. There are several remedial solutions for environmental problems using advanced technologies, but most of them, once again, need huge energy. For example, we have to boil water to get rid of the pathogens, we have to switch on UV lamps for detoxification of water. In an effluent-treatment plant there are pumps and other equipment that need energy. This is therefore a vicious cycle and to break the cycle, we must use renewable energy for environmental remediation.

Modelling and Analysis of a Solar Biomass Hybrid Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System for running a Cold Storage of Potato in India

2022-12-19T11:33:27+0530

India suffers from the wastage of a large amount of agricultural produce due to the lack of proper post-harvest storage system. In this paper, an attempt has been made to propose a novel hybrid solar thermal and biomass driven refrigeration system. The refrigeration cycle used here employs a LiBr-H₂O vapour absorption refrigeration system used for storage of potatoes in cold storage. The objective of the hybrid power system proposed here is to produce a favourable micro-climate inside the cold storage throughout a calendar year irrespective of the seasonal variations in weather. The modelling equations of the proposed system have been developed and solved with the help of Engineering Equation Solver for the location of New Delhi (28^o35’ N, 77^o12’ E). The results of the proposed model are validated against a reference model study available in literature and a very good agreement is achieved with a root mean square error of 0.98% in the value of COP. A rudimentary cost analysis has also been included to assess the economic viability of the proposed system. The study thus reinforces the viability of using a solar biomass hybrid system for operation in the rural areas of a developing nation like India.

The PLC Learner

2022-12-19T11:35:01+0530

The goal of this project is to promote the interest of Engineering Students and the Technical Personnels in the field of Industrial Automation with use of Programmable Logic Controller in a broad range. The objective is not great depth but the presentation is thorough enough to give the user the basic theory with different types of live examples.

‘PLC Learner’ is a Simulation Software, which supports the linear programming of SIEMENS PLC, STEP5 with STL representation. The simulator has an Integrated Development Environment having different features like Smart Editor, Compiler, Run Time Simulator and User Friendly Help System etc. It offers 128 bytes of Input & 128 bytes of Output modules, 128 bytes of Timers (including Pulse, Extended, On-Delay, Stored On-Delay and Off Delay mode), 128 bytes of Counters (including Up, Down and Up-Down mode) and 256 bytes of Internal Flash Memory.

SETTING-UP OF CHAIN-LINKED FOOD PROCESSING UNITS THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS USING ‘NBMS’ MODEL

2022-12-19T11:34:58+0530

A staggering 25 to 30 per cent of production of fruits and vegetables in India is lost due to wastage. India ranks first few positions globally in the production of fruits and vegetables. But hardly one percent of the annual production of fruit and vegetables is processed in this country which is much lower compared to other developing nations.

Food Processing and other post-harvest technologies are the best option available to reduce the wastage of 50% of food and vegetable products and enhance food security of the country. The right post harvest practices such as good processing techniques, and proper packaging, transportation and storage can play a significant role in reducing spoilage and extending shelf life. Indians spend about 50% of household expenditure on food items. Demand for processed/convenience food is constantly on the rise. India's comparatively cheaper workforce can be effectively utilised to setup large low cost production bases for domestic and export markets. A chain-linked model of food processing at rural level can be developed using NBMS (Nodal-Big-Medium-Small) model and involving the Self Help Groups. The capital required for this business will be evenly distributed among the groups lessening the economic burden on them and the ongoing schemes and grants of different government departments can be clubbed together to assist the Self Help Groups to enter into this foray.

Evaluation of Appropriateness of Rat-trap Bond Wall and Filler Slab Roof in housing sector in India

2022-12-19T11:34:56+0530

As housing demand in India is continuously growing, different government schemes are being implemented to cater to the need of mass housing for the poor and lower income group people. Use of Cost-effective Eco-friendly Construction Technologies (CECT) in housing sector in India has the potential to be the most appropriate in terms of economy and acceptability. The reduced cost of building, enhancement of comfort level and non-compromise on safety would decide choice of CECT, which will also act as a market force and demand for such technologies is expected to grow-up. This paper explored the acceptability and adaptability potential of different CECTs with special emphasis on Rat-trap Bond Wall and Filler Slab Roof, through literature study and technical calculations and tried to evaluate the appropriateness of those.

Bridging Academia and Industry

2022-12-19T11:34:53+0530

Very often people with degrees in engineering, who are employed in different industries don't go in for research and technology development, even though they may have a talent for it. Further, industry is not keen to invest in R&D unless its innovations are adequately protected and rewarded by way of assured Return of Investment. This has now become critical in the era of globalisation. In these changed circumstances, it will become even more essential to encourage R&D funding by industry. Hi-tech industries in advanced countries are allowed to generate investable surpluses through their own rational pricing structure and profit margins. This way they are able to meet a substantial part of their R&D investments through internal accruals.

Dark Charger with LDR and BC 547

2022-12-19T11:34:50+0530

Nowadays with the invent of new technologies the processors in the electronic devices have improved both in performance and speed. QUALCOMM has come up with its design like the MSM7225 which is a 1 core up to 800 MHz Cortex-A5(ARMv7): 32K+32K L1, 256K L2 and the APQ8055 fro the Series 2 which is a 1 core up to 1.4 GHz Scorpion: 32K+32K L1, 384K L2 and Media Tech is in competition with them, but everything comes at a price in this world and here the price paid is the battery life of the devices which results in less TOS(Time on Screen). Now to maintain that TOS frequent charging is done hence consumption of power or electricity is more resulting in more use of resources which is a concern for third world countries. We need to reduce that use to some extent. In this paper a simple technique of cascading 2 circuits namely the dark sensor using a light dependent resistor and a charging circuit of a charger using IC7805 voltage regulator is being used. The result is dark charger which can be used to charge when there is no electricity hence increasing the TOS and use of less electricity .

Software Based Pole Zero Extraction Technique for Analog Filter and Circuits

2022-12-19T11:34:48+0530

The positions of poles and zeros of a filter circuit indicates how the system behaves with variation in frequency as well as it results a tool to utilize the system gain by setting the frequency range in a complex process. The existing solutions to extract the poles and zeros often include too complex calculations to use it frequently. In this paper we propose a compact tool to detect the position of poles and zeros of any practically designed analog filter of any order without going through the working principle of the circuit as well as by using this technique calculation of transfer function is doesn’t need to do derive which often becomes hectic.

CRISIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND OUR CONCERN

2022-12-19T11:34:45+0530

Palanquin, horse, hand-pull rickshaw, paddle rickshaw, tram, bus, auto-rickshaw, and finally today's pollution controlled Bharat Stage (BS) -III-IV bus ----- more or less this is the evolution of passenger transport of Kolkata. Transport demand in most of the Indian cities has increased substantially during last few decades due to increase in population (natural increase and migration from rural areas and smaller towns). Availability of motorized transport, increase in household income, and increase in commercial and industrial activities has further added to it. Unfortunately, public transport systems in Indian cities have not been able to keep pace with the rapid and substantial increase in travel demand.

NREGA – AN IMPERIALIST DESIGN?

2022-12-19T11:34:42+0530

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) was notified on September 7, 2005. The mandate of the Act is to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. NREGA was projected as a tool to ensure inclusive growth in rural India through social protection, livelihood security and democratic empowerment.

Most of the government programs like NREGA when actually planned, are very good plans (at least on paper). The government prepares a holistic perspective for the project. From the experience of other schemes, it may be concluded hat when it comes to execution, most of them fail and the NREGA scheme is also no exception. Like any other government schemes, NREGA functions through a Public Distribution System. In that case, loopholes become a part and parcel of the whole execution process. The Beneficiaries are only a very few people.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND EMPLOYABILITY

2022-12-19T11:33:52+0530

With a manpower of over one billion, it is ironic that India suffers from dearth of talent and skill to fulfill the present day need of industry and as a result it is a serious challenge to mitigate shortages of skills required by in industry sector. Study reveals that of the 6 lakhs engineers that graduate annually, only 18% are employable for the software engineer-IT services role, while just 4% are appropriately trained to be directly deployed on projects. For core jobs in mechanical, electronics/electrical and civil engineering profession, only a mere 7.5% to 8% are employable.

Education is a concurrent subject under the purview of the Central Government as well as the State Government. In addition, statutory bodies like All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) have their empowerment by the Acts of Parliament to regulate higher education.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (STI) POLICY 2013: OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT

2022-12-19T11:33:47+0530

The Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh unveiled a new Science Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy on the occasion of the centenary year of Indian Science Congress on January 3, 2013 in Kolkata. One of the key goals of the STI policy is to develop science, technology and innovation with focus on faster, sustainable and inclusive development for the people. The policy speaks of

promoting scientific temper amongst all sections of the society,
making careers in science, research and innovation an attractive career option particularly for bright young minds,
establishing world class infrastructure for R&D and increasing India’s contribution to global scientific publications from 3.5% to 7%
creating an environment for enhanced private sector participation in R&D

to mention a few.

In principle, the policy promises significant boost to a largely demoralized science and technology community in the country. However, the methodology to achieve such goals and the possible outcome, if any, on a developing nation like India needs to be studied in greater details. Developing scientific temper among the vast majority of our population is a desirable but difficult target, keeping in view the impact of religion and caste-based policies of some state governments as well as national political forums. The STI-2013 objective of empowering women through appropriate STI inputs comes at a time when proper representations of women in different policy making positions are inadequate. National statistics of women in key government institutions of science and technology present glaring disparity in representation even after more than five decades of independence. This may be expected in a society caught between the idealisms of ‘equal entitlement’ and the glitz and glamour associated with the so-called ‘shining India’ concept. It should be kept in mind that there are not enough calories per head for a vast majority of Indians with 43% of Indian women being anaemic and 67% starved of calories.

Reforms in Power Sector: Introspection

2022-12-19T11:33:45+0530

A decade has already passed since enactment of Electricity Act 2003. Now the different clauses of the said Act is being amended but it is time to look back and analyze how much the objectives as framed under the said EA 2003 has been achieved and what are amendments needed. At the outset let us look into the process of amendment of EA 2003. EA03 came into effect after prolonged discussions at various levels of stakeholders followed by addition and deletion at draft stage and finally acceptance in parliament. The entire process took almost 10 years before declaration of EA03. Its true that all sort of act , rules and regulations need to be reviewed and re-addressed in subsequent time and necessary amendment are to be made based on policy implementation and objective of successful and effective impact on socio-economic condition. But such process of review and amendment shall be a continuous one particularly when EA03 was totally a new concept and approach with an objective for development of power system based on optimal utilization of all resources having far reaching impact on socio-economic development.

Food Security: Indian Perspective

2022-12-19T11:33:42+0530

The issue of Food security, climate change, and environmental problems are all closely related to each other. Our economy is agro-based economy. So here, agricultural sector plays a pivotal role. Draft National Food Security Bill was introduced 2years ago. The Supreme Court of India has declared right to food as a fundamental right to life. Since independence, series of measures have been taken by the Govt. However, the number of undernourished persons have increased from 210 million in 1992 to 252 million in 2004-06. India is about half of the worlds’ undernourished children. India’s position is deteriorating day by day. Government of India fixed a quantity of 35 kg. of food grain per head per month for the people staying below poverty line. Actual determination of the poor people is very confusing. Different institutions ( National & International) in different time introduces various measures to determine the extent of poverty and to find out the no of poor people. According to World Bank standard the people whose earnings are $1.25 per day are included in the group of Extremely poor and the group of people whose earnings are $2 per day are counted as Moderately poor. In India it is assumed that 50% people are lying under poverty line ( N.C. Saksena committee report ). According to Tendulkar committee report, 42 % of people in our country are lying under the poverty line. After so many years of study, it has not been decided that how many persons are lying below the poverty line actually. According to the Planning Commission, in Rural area , people whose earnings are <Rs. 750 per month & in urban area < Rs. 870 per month are lying below the poverty line. There is not a big difference among the condition of the people who lies below the poverty line or just above the poverty line.

SEEKING APPROPRIATE ALTERNATIVE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - A CASE FOR RESPONSIBLE ARCHITECTURE

2022-12-19T11:33:35+0530

“Sustainable Development” – a notion that has become almost a cliché, What is really sustainable? From which perspective it is considered and how it can be translated – are the questions that the designers are seeking today. After thirty years of search we have arrived at an understanding of sustainability as a practice, which goes beyond cost optimisation, affordability, technological innovation, energy consciousness, environmental sensibility and cultural conservation. All these issues are reflected in the art of Building, the Process of Design and sensible architecture. It must be a responsible gesture on the part of the architects/ Designers to consciously think and activate and induce the process of Sustainability. It is a holistic concept that we are embarking to figure out the right alternative for a specific use, site or context and client or its direct beneficiary. This is a process driven approach and therefore flexible, dynamic and adaptable.

WATER – ENERGY NEXUS: ROLE OF SOLAR ENERGY

2022-12-19T11:33:30+0530

To address the interrelated crises of the energy and the environment, solar energy should be used for wastewater treatment. This review summarizes the various techniques of using solar energy for getting usable water from sea water and wastewater. A part of the contents of this paper was presented in a lecture delivered at a programme of FOSET on June 21, 2013

The HT Capacitor Bank Shunt Compensation

2022-12-19T11:35:03+0530

In Sub-Transmission & Distribution system the significance of HT Capacitor Bank is increasing day-by-day for Shunt compensation. In West Bengal the premier power utility had taken an initiative for installation of HT Shunt Capacitor Banks at 11kV bus of 33/11kV substations. The main motto has been to improve the p.f. under Maximum demand conditions and subsequently improvement of voltage profile by reducing the huge network losses. Thus a part of today’s increasing demand can be served, keeping the same Generation & Transmission capacity and consequently, more revenue can be earned. A systematic approach for designing the shunt compensation system along with post commissioning results have been presented herewith as case study basis.

UTILISATION OF BIO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE IN CONVERSION OF NON-ARABLE LATERITIC WASTELANDS

2022-12-19T11:33:32+0530

Jute can be effectively used for conversion and reclamation of lateritic wastelands of our country to make them arable. It is a widely grown natural biodegradable, eco-friendly and cost-effective fibre. Jute contains useful chemical substances like lignin, hemi-cellulose, alpha-cellulose and other cellulose derivatives, which make significant contribution to pest-resistant and water retention properties of soil. They help to regulate the Carbon and Nitrogen cycle in the soil and also attract bacterial agglomeration.

We, on behalf of a voluntary organisation, carried out an experimental work at a lateritic wasteland at Garhbeta of Paschim Medinipur District of West Bengal to check soil erosion and improve fertility of land using jute geotextile. The soil has very low carbon and nitrogen content and is acidic in nature having no or very poor vegetation growth. After the experiment the land erosion has been completely restricted and due to bio-degradation of jute, the nitrogen and carbon content of the soil have increased considerably. The denuded wasteland has now become fertile and arable. The soil is gradually attaining the character of a ‘medium soil’ from a ‘very poor’ soil. The method is easily adoptable, cost-effective and eco-friendly as it uses only jute as the component for conversion of the land.

This paper has tried to correlate the unique bio-chemical properties of jute with the agricultural and geological findings of the field-trial.

Growth of housing sector in India

2022-12-19T11:32:48+0530

Building construction sector can play a major role in reducing Greenhouse Gas emission through application of technologies aimed at reduction of use of building materials. Energy consumed during production of building materials and components plays a crucial role in creating environmental pollution. India is witnessing high growth in urban and rural housing, which needs more production of building materials. Permanent or semi-permanent type buildings which consume easily available conventional materials like brick, reinforced cement concrete etc. can be made Economic and Eco-friendly by lowering use of energy-consuming building materials through Cost-effective Construction Technologies. Buildings with Cost-effective Construction Technology can be designed within the parameters of the existing Indian Standards. Awareness generation among the users, proper technical and architectural guidance and easy availability of skilled manpower are of utmost importance for promotion of cost-effective technologies in India and to make them as the most acceptable case of sustainable building technologies both in terms of cost and environment.

Use of Piper Betel to combat COVID19

2022-12-19T11:30:20+0530

Chymotrypsin like protease is a ratified target in the design of potential anticoronavirus inhibitor. In a recent research conducted by TCS, India 31 molecules out of 1600000 have been identified as the most effective protease inhibitors against COVID 19. One of those is Aurantiamide, a plant constituent derived from ‘Piper aurantiacum‘, mostly available in India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand and other Asian countries. Still the process is under in vitro state. This “Aurantiamide” in the form of Aurantiamide acetate has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities as yet traced. The combined application of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin is reported as a treatment of COVID 19 till now. This article is on the usage of Piper Betel leaf as a potential herbal medicine to grow human body’s self defence mechanism against either the reception of such pathogens or in viral load reduction of affected patients.

Effect of immunomodulatory action of iodine and natural supplements in preventing covid19 acquisition and preventing covid related complications

2022-12-19T11:30:14+0530

COVID-19 can be considered primarily a disease of the lower to upper middle class affluent group of population. Residents of slums, transient footpath dwellers who survive on a measly diet of rice and common salt are less affected. In contrary, the affluent population with their daily quota of bread, pastries, aerated drinks, in spite of better sanitation and hygiene succumb to the disease. Hence the provision of dietary iodine must be taken seriously and any form of dietary iodine depletion by agents like potassium bromide exerts a negative immunomodulatory effect causing easy COVID acquisition and COVID related complications.

AUTISM – THE GRIEVANCE OF GENE

2022-12-19T11:30:12+0530

"OTHERISATION OR MARGINALIZATION OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN" - this is the 'Festering Wound', that I have been combating with, regarding myself an observer of Autistic children. It's been years, that I have been embracing my Autistic children -evaluating, assessing, consulting, treating them while deciphering their unuttered pain or discomfort. While dealing with the sky-rocketing cases of Autism, and considering the 'Vaccines', as one of the responsible factors behind Autism, I have been asked a glaring question, innumerable times. If vaccines are the compelling factors of Autism, then why every child is not affected by Autism while everyone is being vaccinated? My answer is if a child gets vaccinated and he has a strong history of OCD and BIPOLAR DEACTIVITY among the members of his family, then he easily becomes a victim of Autism or complex neurological Dynamic disorder.

We have not penned this for disdaining or attacking people with OCD and Bipolar Deactivity. Here are just some observations, which lead to a conclusion Autism is the revenge of Gene or GRIEVANCES OF GENE.

Integrated Editorial Services, Conference Management System along with pre-print archiving for protection of copyright of articles, case studies, concept notes, etc.

2022-12-19T11:30:09+0530

There are several available packages like ‘Editorial Manager’, ‘Scholer One’, ‘Easy Chair’ etc. which provides a platform for Editorial Services to the journals and also Conference Management System including preparation of proceedings for conferences. Apart from those there are several other packages used all over the world and some journals accept submission of papers directly to their emails or other appropriate systems of their own. Some industrial bodies, corporate houses, organisations publish their own magazine / journal also by collecting articles, case studies, concept notes etc. by email.

Incidents of copying from other person’s articles, case studies, and concept notes without acknowledgement are gradually increasing with the advent of information technology and easy availability of unprotected articles in the net. In some cases the entire article is phished out before publication in an unscrupulous manner without the knowledge of the original author. There were incidents where articles were phished out from some journal’s editorial office when those were under review/revision. Due to this malpractice the original authors, inventors, or persons who conceptualised some novel ideas lose their copyright on their original hard work.

Therefore it is felt needed to develop one Integrated Editorial Services and/or Conference Management System along with protection of copyright of articles, case studies, concept notes, etc.